Extractos crudos producidos por fermentación de hongos entomopatógenos para el control de macrodactylus infuscatus bates (coleoptera: melolonthidae): una alternativa hacia la sustentabilidad

Abstract

With on the objetive of proposing alternatives for the control of Macrodactylus in zones of urban agriculture; the biopesticide action of the enzymatic extracts of Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea and Metarhizium anisopliae on Macrodactylus infuscatus, insects considered of economic importance, was evaluated. The fermentative extracts of the entomopathogenic fungi presented chitinolytic and proteolytic activity, these enzymes degrade the insect cuticle and caused mortality of M. infuscatus, having the lowest percentage of survival (20%) with extracts of I. fumoroseae after 12 days, in extracts of B. bassiana (25%), in extracts of M. anisopliae showed a survival of 38% and the control of 48%. In relation to the survival with the transformed data the extract of I. fumoroseae had the lowest survival (10%), followed by the B. bassiana extract with a survival of 18% and in greater survival (31%) with the extract of M. anisopliae (p 0.0026); with respect to the mean time of death, I. fumoroseae presented the shortest time of death with five days, B. bassiana with 7 days and M. anisopliae with 9.5 days with a significant difference (p 0.05) with respect to the control. This is the first study related to the application of biological control agents as the enzymes in M. infuscatus; with the treatments were observed a decrease in food consumption and insect mobility, which apparently is due to the effect of metabolites of entomopathogenic fungi.