Evaluación bromatológica y co-contaminación con aflatoxinas y fumonisinas en la semilla de maíz protegida con plaguicidas

Abstract

Corn is a food of global importance, because of this, it is important to monitor its health quality, not only during harvest or storage of the grain, but also sowing seed. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical bromatological composition and the mycotoxins co-contamination in 17 genotypes of maize seed protected with pesticides and synthetic dyes (7 yellow variety and 10 white variety) obtained from the experimental field of the National Institute of Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock Investigations (INIFAP) in Jiutepec Mor., during spring of 2014. It was analyzed the content of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ashes (CEN), ether extract (EE), crude fiber was analyzed (FC), total lipids (LIPT), total fumonisin (FUMT) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), using techniques approved by the AOAC (1990). For statistical analysis, the samples were grouped by variety (yellow and white). It was performed a T test for independent samples, using the statistical package SAS (1999). The results for the nutritional content and MS (PB, FB, EE and CEN) were very similar (p 0.05) in the evaluated genotypes. For LIPT and FUMT it was found a statistically genotype significant difference (p 0.01): of the 17 genotypes of corn contaminated with total fumonisins , 38%, showed average levels of 1.096 mg kg and 61% at 0.23 mg kg, 25% with 4.2 g kg aflatoxin. It is concluded that maize seed protected with pesticides presents a fumonisin and aflatoxin B1 co-contamination, hence it is suggested to determine the risk that represents for human and animal health, due to its proven toxicity.