Hongos entomopatógenos y sus metabolitos, una alternativa sustentable para el control de plagas en viveros forestales y agricultura protegida: caso Bradysia impatiens (Johannsen)

Abstract

Forest nurseries, has 40% losses due to pests and diseases, one of these pests is Bradysia impatiens (Diptera: Sciaridae). The larvae of B. impatiens feed from the xylem and phloem of the root and when symptoms are evident, is inevitable the death of the plant. In addition, introduce phytopathogenic fungi as Fusarium circinatum. The control of this insect is done with chemistry insecticides causing environmental pollution. The management of this specie should be performed from the sustainability. In the Integrated Pest Management (IPM); the biological control is by entomopathogenic fungi (EF) as Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, which produce proteases, lipases, chitinases and secondary metabolites as part of its mechanism of pathogenicity, with potential as insecticidal agents for the control of B. impatiens. In this work we carried out a literature review on the sustainable management of pests in forest nurseries, in the framework of the MIP and the use of EF (conidia, enzymes and secondary metabolites) as biopesticides; and are an alternative for the control of B. impatiens in nurseries of Mexico.