Producción potencial de micotoxinas por hongos patógenos aislados en Híbridos de maíz mejorado (Zea mays L)

Abstract

Abstract. We identified the presence of fungi potentially produce mycotoxins and commercial physical quality characteristics of three maize hybrids resistant to Fusarium sp disease. The samples were collected in five locations in two municipalities of the state of Hidalgo during the Spring-Summer 2007. Mycological study was conducted with the traditional microbiological, the method of thin layer chromatography and inmunonsayo-assay (ELISA) were used by mycotoxins, and physical analysis according to national legislation (NOM-034). The results showed high moisture content in the three commercial hybrids: Oso (50%), leopardo (29%) and 30V46 (36%). The grain weight ranged between 295 and 480 g and at least 68 and a maximum of 74 hl; fungi containing 2.5 × 10 3 CFU / g, 1.2 x 10 3 CFU / g and 1.2 × 10 3 CFU / g. Identified fungi Fusarium sp (76%), Alternaria sp (14%), Penicillium sp (4%), and Aspergillus sp (5%), they are considered potentially toxic to human. Aflatoxin levels ranged from 2 to 13 ng / g of fumonisin from 0.37 to 0.66 mg / kg. We conclude that the commercial corn hybrids resistant to the fungus Fusarium sp, they are under stressful environmental conditions of temperature and humidity. Hybrids leopard and 30V46 had levels of aflatoxin and fumonisin, safe for human consumption. The oso hybrid maize did not meet quality specifications set by physical or microbiological national legislation for human consumption, and the aflatoxins levels unsafe for making tortillas.