Comparación socioeconómica de sistemas agroproductivos en dos resguardos indígenas de Putumayo (Colombia)

Abstract

Abstract. The home garden, which is the main indigenous farm system in the Tamabioy and San Félix territories, is becoming a market system when it was previously only for subsistence use. These changes have socioeconomic consequences for the households. The main goal of this research is thus to analyze those consequences. Thirty-five farming families in both territories provided the information that was necessary for the in-depth interviews in the research. This analysis looks at all three farming systems (traditional, market, and transitional) and provides an economic and social assessment. For the economic component, it analyzes the efficiency of the resource use; and for the social component, it looks at the employment generated by each farming system and food security levels. The results show that the traditional system (home garden) at Tamabioy territory, and the transitional system (home garden + corn relief beans) at San Félix have the highest production costs. In regard to the lowest production costs, the results show that they are in the livestock market system in the Tamabioy territory, and in the transitional system (home garden + livestock) in the San Félix territory. The production inputs and labor are the factors of production that have the most economic relevance for the systems as a whole. The market system has more profitability and provides more income than the traditional system. However, traditional and transitional systems generate more employment, and provide more meals for the households than the market system. All the systems provide food security in the indigenous territories and all have several meals, which are classified in five groups: carb, protein, fruits, vegetables, and medicinal. However, the traditional and transitional systems ultimately provide them both at a higher level.